MADISON, Ala. — After a tuberculosis case involving a student at Bob Jones High School, it’s important to know what TB is and how it can affect people.
Understanding Tuberculosis: Active vs. Inactive Forms
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The germs can enter the body when a person breathes in TB bacteria, which primarily settle in the lungs but can spread to other parts, including the kidneys, spine, and brain.
TB can exist in two forms: inactive and active. Inactive TB happens when a person carries the bacteria without showing symptoms or being contagious. However, if left untreated, this dormant infection can develop into active TB disease, which can be life-threatening.
Active TB is infectious and can spread when a person with the disease coughs, speaks, or sings, releasing germs into the air. These germs can linger for hours, especially in poorly ventilated indoor spaces. TB is not transmitted through casual contact, such as shaking hands or sharing food.
People with inactive TB should seek treatment to prevent the disease from becoming active. Those with weakened immune systems are particularly at risk and should be monitored.
Know the Symptoms and How to Prevent TB Spread
According to the World Health Organization, common symptoms of active Tuberculosis include a prolonged cough, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Early diagnosis and treatment are key for recovery and to prevent further spread.
To help prevent TB infection and its spread, the World Health Organization recommends following these steps:
- Seek medical attention if you have symptoms like a prolonged cough, fever, or unexplained weight loss. Early treatment can improve recovery and stop the spread of the disease.
- Get tested for TB if you are at higher risk, such as having HIV or living with someone who has TB.
- Complete any prescribed treatment to prevent TB.
- Practice good hygiene if you have TB. This includes wearing a mask, covering your mouth when coughing, and disposing of tissues properly.
In Alabama, as of 2023, the state reported a total of 92 TB cases. This means that for every 100,000 people, about 2 people have TB, according to the Alabama Department of Public Health.
If you believe you may have been exposed to TB, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for testing and guidance.
